Shoup, the line became known as Johnston's River Line after Confederate General Joseph E. Designed by Confederate Brigadier General Francis A. The Chattahoochee River was of considerable strategic importance during the Atlanta Campaign by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman of the American Civil War.īetween the tributaries of Proctor Creek and Nickajack Creek on the Cobb and Fulton county lines in metropolitan Atlanta, are nine remaining fortifications nicknamed "Shoupades" that were part of a defensive line occupied by the Confederate Army in early July 1864. The Muscogee were first removed from the southeastern side of the river, and then the Cherokee from the northwest.
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The United States removed the Native Americans to extinguish their claims and make way for European-American settlement through a series of treaties, land lotteries, and forced removals lasting from 1820 through 1832. The Chattahoochee River became the dividing point for the Creek Confederacy, which straddled the river and became known as the Upper Creek Red Sticks and the Lower Creek White Sticks. Removal of Native Americans Īmong the historical Indigenous nations, the Chattahoochee served as a dividing line between the Muscogee (Creek) (to the east) and the Cherokee territories (to the west) in the Southeast. The Kolomoki Mounds, now protected in the Kolomoki Mounds Historic Park near present-day Blakely in Early County in southwest Georgia, were built from 350 AD to 650 AD and constitute the largest mound complex in the state. The vicinity of the Chattahoochee River was inhabited in prehistoric times by indigenous peoples since at least 1000 BC. Much of that segment of the river runs through the Brevard fault zone. This possibly refers to the many colorful granite outcroppings along the northeast-to-southwest segment of the river.
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The name Chattahoochee is thought to come from a Muskogee word meaning "rocks-marked" (or "painted"), from chato ("rock") plus huchi ("marked"). Although the same river, this portion was given a different name by separated settlers in different regions during the colonial times. From there, the same river is then named Apalachicola River, which ends (160 miles away) in the city of Apalachicola, FL (meaning both rivers end in the city named after them). The Chattahoochee River ends in the city of Chattahoochee, FL. Farther south, it merges with the Flint River and other tributaries at Lake Seminole near Bainbridge, to form the Apalachicola River that flows into the Florida Panhandle. At Columbus, it crosses the Fall Line of the eastern United States.įrom Lake Oliver to Fort Benning, the Chattahoochee Riverwalk provides cycling, rollerblading, and walking along 15 miles (24 km) of the river's banks. Flowing through a series of reservoirs and artificial lakes, it flows by Columbus, the third-largest city in Georgia, and the Fort Benning Army base. It eventually turns due-south to form the southern half of the Georgia/Alabama state line. The Chattahoochee's source and upper course lie within Chattahoochee National Forest.įrom its source in the Blue Ridge Mountains, the Chattahoochee River flows southwesterly to Atlanta and through its suburbs. The Appalachian Trail crosses the river's uppermost headwaters. The headwaters of the river flow south from ridges that form the Tennessee Valley Divide. The source of the Chattahoochee River is located in Jacks Gap at the southeastern foot of Jacks Knob, in the very southeastern corner of Union County, in the southern Blue Ridge Mountains, a subrange of the Appalachian Mountains. Visitors putting their rafts, canoes and kayaks in the Chattahoochee River
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